Ford's Theatre is one of the most important historic landmarks in Washington, D.C. Originally opened in 1863 as a working theater, it is best known as the site where President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending a performance of Our American Cousin. Lincoln was then taken across the street to the Petersen House, where he died the following morning.
Today, Ford’s Theatre serves as both a museum and an active performance venue. Visitors can explore exhibits about Lincoln’s presidency, the Civil War, and the events surrounding the assassination, while also attending live theatrical productions. It remains a powerful place to reflect on one of the most pivotal moments in American history.
I was very fortunate to see the musical 1776 performed in this theater. As the production is copyrighted, photography and video recording were not permitted during the show. I felt especially fortunate to have the opportunity to see the show right before we celebrate our country’s 250th birthday—it made the story feel even more meaningful and timely. I have included a summary of each act below*.
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1776 is a Tony Award-winning musical with a book by Peter Stone and music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards, dramatizing the debates and conflicts within the Second Continental Congress as they worked to draft and sign the Declaration of Independence in the summer of 1776.
*Act I
Act I focus on the growing push for independence and the intense political debate in the Continental Congress.
The delegates gather in Philadelphia during the summer of 1776.
John Adams passionately argues for independence from Great Britain, but he’s seen as abrasive and struggles to gain support.
He convinces Richard Henry Lee to introduce a formal resolution for independence.
While waiting for Lee’s return with authority from Virginia, Adams works to build alliances, especially with:
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson is chosen to draft the Declaration, despite his reluctance. His wife Martha Jefferson visits, inspiring him to write.
Meanwhile, strong opposition comes from conservatives like John Dickinson, who fears war with Britain.
Act I end with mounting tension:
Lee returns.
The resolution for independence is officially introduced.
Congress prepares for a decisive debate.
Act II
Act II centers on the final debates, compromises, and the signing of the Declaration.
Congress debates the Declaration line by line, revealing deep divisions among the colonies.
A major conflict arises over the issue of slavery—particularly a clause condemning the slave trade, which is ultimately removed to secure unity.
Edward Rutledge leads opposition from Southern colonies, threatening to block independence.
John Adams negotiates compromises, even when it means sacrificing parts of the document he believes in.
The turning point comes when enough colonies agree to support independence.
On July 4, 1776, the delegates vote in favor of independence and sign the United States Declaration of Independence.
The musical ends on a reflective note, reminding the audience of the weight and consequences of their decision.
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Here’s a breakdown of 1776 by songs within each act:
Act I – Songs
-“Sit Down, John”
John Adams pushes for independence but irritates the other delegates.
-“Piddle, Twiddle, and Resolve”
Adams vents his frustration with Congress’s inaction.
-“Till Then”
John Adams writes to Abigail Adams, expressing longing and uncertainty.
-“The Lees of Old Virginia”
Richard Henry Lee celebrates his family legacy and agrees to propose independence.
-“But, Mr. Adams”
Delegates debate who should write the declaration, landing on Thomas Jefferson.
-“Yours, Yours, Yours”
A duet between Jefferson and Martha Jefferson, inspiring him to write.
-“He Plays the Violin”
Martha expresses her love for Jefferson in a light, lyrical moment.
Act II – Songs
-“Cool, Cool, Considerate Men”
John Dickinson and conservatives argue against independence.
-“Momma, Look Sharp”
A haunting reminder of the human cost of war, sung by a courier.
-“Molasses to Rum”
Edward Rutledge condemns Northern hypocrisy regarding slavery and the slave trade.
-“Is Anybody There?”
John Adams reflects on the loneliness and weight of leadership.
-“The Egg”
A symbolic number about unity and the fragile birth of a new nation.
“Finale: “But, Mr. Adams” (Reprise) / Signing
The delegates come together to approve and sign the United States Declaration of Independence.
